KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

SPECIAL PROVISION TO THE

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS, 1990 EDITION

DIVISION 600

Create a new subsection in Division 600:

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

(Pavement Smoothness)

PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS

a. General.

The pavement smoothness will be determined by profilographing the finished surfaces of the mainline pavement, sideroads, auxiliary lanes, and ramps. All finished bituminous surfaces will be profiled, with the following conditions and exceptions:

(1) The following bituminous roadways will be profiled, and corrected as necessary, but are not eligible for pay adjustments:

(a) Existing roadways that are milled, then surfaced with less than 100 mm of virgin or hot recycled bituminous pavement.

(b) Existing roadways that are surfaced with less than 100 mm of virgin or hot recycled bituminous pavement which is placed in two or more lifts.

(c) Existing roadways that are cold recycled, then surfaced with less than 100 mm of virgin or hot recycled bituminous pavement.

(2) Excluded from profilograph testing are:

(a) Bridge decks (unless to be overlaid),

(b) Acceleration and deceleration lanes for at-grade intersections,

(d) Shoulders,

(e) Pavement on horizontal curves with centerline radius of curvature of less than 300 m, and pavement within the superelevation transition of such curves,

(f) County secondary projects,

(g) Federal aid urban projects with posted speeds of 40 mph or less (unless specified otherwise on the Plans),

(h) Projects less than one‑half kilometer in length (excluding bridge lengths),

(i) Existing roadways that are surfaced with less than 100 mm of virgin or hot recycled bituminous pavement which is placed in one lift,

(j) Individual sections of pavement less than 15 m in length,

(k) The first (or last) five meters of a pavement section where the Contractor is not responsible for the adjoining surface.

On surfaces excluded from profilograph testing, the Engineer will determine the pavement smoothness according to subsection 603.03(e)(6) of the Standard Specifications. The Engineer will select the locations to be tested. After the Contractor has corrected an irregularity, the Engineer will retest the area to verify compliance with the specified tolerance.

b. Equipment.

The Contractor shall provide and operate a California type profilograph to determine the pavement profile. Other types of profilographs that produce compatible results may be used if approved by KDOT's Bureau of Materials and Research. The Contractor's operator shall be certified according to Kansas Test Method KT‑54.

If the Contractor's profilograph has a mechanical recorder, the Contractor shall provide a ProScan electronic scanner to reduce the trace. KDOT's Bureau of Materials and Research can provide the information necessary for the Contractor to obtain a ProScan electronic scanner. Other types of automated trace reduction equipment may be used if approved by KDOT's Bureau of Materials and Research.

If the Contractor's profilograph has a computerized recorder, the trace produced will be evaluated without further reduction.

c. Surface Tolerances and Testing.

The Contractor shall produce pavement with an average profile index of 475 mm/km or less per 0.1 km section (630 mm/km as noted in (e)(3)). Pavement with initial profiles that exceed 475 mm/km per 0.1 km section (630 mm/km as noted in e.(3)) may be accepted after corrective measures by the Contractor have been completed.

The Contractor shall determine the pavement profiles for each lane according to the procedures for one lane, as shown in Kansas Test Method KT‑54. Additional profiles may be taken only to define the limits of an out‑of‑tolerance surface variation. The Engineer may use a three-meter straightedge (or other means) to detect irregularities outside the required trace paths. The Engineer may also use the straightedge to delineate the areas that require corrective action.

The traces shall be made after final rolling and before the surface is opened to traffic; except, the Contractor has the option of profiling the final portion (not to exceed five sections) of a day's production the first working day that production is continued in the same lane.

If the Contractor elects to test intermediate lifts with the profilograph, the profilograms shall be made available to the Engineer to review for the purposes of evaluating the paving methods and equipment.

d. Pavement Smoothness Evaluation.

The Contractor shall determine a profile index (mm/km) for each section of finished pavement surface. A pavement section is defined as a continuous area of finished pavement 0.1 km in length and one lane (3.7 m nominal) in width. A partial section resulting from an interruption of the continuous pavement surface (i.e. bridge approaches, sideroad tie‑ins, the cessation of the daily paving operations, etc.) is subject to the same evaluation as a whole section.

The Contractor shall determine a daily average profile index for each day's paving operation. A day's paving operation is defined as a minimum of 0.1 km section of pavement placed in a day, with following conditions and exceptions:

· If less than 0.1 km section is paved, the day's production will be grouped with the next day's production.

· If the production of the last day of project paving is less than 0.1 km section, it will be grouped with the previous day's production.

· If the Contractor opts to profilograph the final portion of a day's production the first working day that production is continued in the same lane (as described in subsection c.), the final portion of the previous day's production will be grouped with the day's production as the lane is continued.

If the day's average profile index exceeds 630 mm/km, the paving operation will be suspended until corrective action is taken by the Contractor.

The Contractor shall furnish the profilogram and his evaluation to the Engineer. The evaluation of the traces shall be performed according to KT‑54. Results shall be furnished to the Engineer the first working day after placement of the pavement, and within two working days after any corrections are made.

e. Corrective Actions.

(1) Each section of pavement will be evaluated using the profilograph to determine if corrective actions are necessary. Each individual profilogram trace will be evaluated (not the average of multiple traces) to determine areas where corrective action is needed.

All areas within each section having high or low points (bumps or dips) with deviations in excess of ten millimeters in a length of 7.5 meters or less shall be corrected regardless of the profile index value.

(2) Pavement surfaces having an initial profile index greater than 475 mm/km per section on an individual trace shall be corrected to reduce the profile index to 475 mm/km or less per section for that trace.

(3) As an exception to e.(2), ramps, from the nose to the intersection of the adjoining roadway,and acceleration and deceleration lanes including the taper (acceleration lanes that become a through lane are limited to 150 m from the nose) having an initial profile index greater than 630 mm/km per section on an individual trace shall be corrected to reduce the profile index to 630 mm/km or less per section for that trace.

(4) When profile corrections are required, the Contractor shall use one or more of the following corrective methods:

(a) Diamond grinding or use of other profiling devices,

(b) Removing and replacing the entire pavement thickness,

(d) Overlaying (not patching) with the specified surface course,

(e) Use of other methods that will provide the desired results.

The corrective methods used by the Contractor shall be applied to the full lane width. When completed, the corrected area (full lane width) shall have uniform texture and appearance, with the beginning and ending of the corrected area squared normal to centerline of the paved surface.

The corrective methods chosen by the Contractor shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and shall be performed at the Contractor's expense. The Contractor shall retest any section where corrections were made to verify that the corrections have produced a profile index of 475 mm/km (630 mm/km for areas specified in e.(3)) or less per section for each trace. The Contractor shall furnish the surface profilogram and his evaluation to the Engineer within two working days after any corrections are made.

The Engineer may perform profilograph testing on the surface for monitoring and comparison purposes. If it is determined that the Contractor's certified test results are inaccurate, the Engineer may choose to test the entire project length and the Contractor will be charged for such testing at a rate of $400.00 per kilometer per profile track with a minimum charge of $800.00. Furthermore, furnishing inaccurate test results may result in decertification of the Contractor's certified operator.

f. Pay Adjustments.

Pay adjustments will be based on the initial average profile index determined for the sections prior to performing any corrective work.

If the Contractor elects to remove and replace or overlay the sections, the Contractor will be paid the price adjustment that corresponds to the initial average profile index obtained on the pavement sections after replacement or overlay.

Areas that are ineligible for pay adjustments or excluded from profilograph testing will not be subject to price adjustments.

When the initial average profile index of a 0.1 km section is 160 mm/km or less, payment will be increased by the appropriate amount as shown in TABLE 1. When the initial average profile index of a 0.1 km section is between 161 mm/km and 630 mm/km, no adjustments in payment will be made. When the initial average profile index of a 0.1 km section is greater than 476 mm/km (greater than 631 mm/km for areas specified in e.(3)), corrective action is required, and payment will be in accordance with TABLE 1, SCHEDULE FOR ADJUSTED PAYMENT.

TABLE 1

SCHEDULE FOR ADJUSTED PAYMENT

Average Profile Index Contract Price Adjustment

(mm/km per lane per (per 0.1 km section per lane)

0.1 km section)

110 or less +$100.00

111 to 160 +$50.00

161 to 475 0.00

476 to 630 0.00^*

631 or more ‑$120.00^*

^* Correct to 475 mm/km (630 mm/km as noted in e.(3)).

Payments made for "Bituminous Pavement Smoothness" will be shown as an added item to the Contract.

12-18‑97 C&M (DRW)